We've been busy

There is a lot happening in the intellecutal property world.

First off, I have been making lots of appearances elsewhere.

• View an interview I did with New York Business TV on dead trademarks (bring them back to life). Just click on my picture on the right menu.
• You can find me quoted on a new ESPN article by Paul Lukas on sports uniforms.
• I also have two articles at Communicate Value, a blog that my friend Christine Gallagher writes on new media and businesses. There is a trademark basics article and a copyright basics article.

You can now find me on Twitter. I post two or three intellectual property thoughts a day. Click here to follow me on Twitter.

You can still become a fan of the Law Firm of Anthony Verna on Facebook and get extra updates.

The companies founded by Jimi Hendrix' heirs (his father and sister) are suing other companies for trademark infringment that sells other Jimi Hendrix-branded merchandise. In fact, one of the defendants was enjoined from using "Hendrix Electric Vodka" in a previous lawsuit. I find this suit fascinating, because it is a mix of different areas of law. One one hand, you have the trademark interests of the company that doles out the intellectual property of a celebrity who has been dead for 40 years and has not been creating anything new, but on the other hand you have a company creating its own trademarks that resemble another company's trademarks.

There are a couple of very interesting and different copyright infringement lawsuits. The famous one now is about the picture of President Barack Obama above the word "Hope" being modeled after an associated press picture. The artist answers that the nature of the use - painting the picture and placing the word below the face and using it in a political sense - is transformative enough to make it a fair use of the original photograph. It's a difficult argument in my opinion, because Fair Use is never an easy argument to make. It is a topic that has appeared here a few different times, because the guidlines of how much change is needed to transform a copyrighted work into a compltely new, original work is really not known. Here, the artwork is much more stylized than the photograph - the colors are completely different, and the contours of the face are brought out along with a red, white and blue scheme for the political arena. It's certainly not a photograph, but is it transformative?

Also, a local Brooklyn band is looking towards French President Nicolas Sarkozy for possible copyright violations - such as not paying enough money for use of a song from the band on Sarkozy's political party's website.

Is There Branding in Sports Uniforms?

After a brief vacation from writing, the Law Form is back up and running. Don't forget to view the archive at www.TMCEntLawForum.com.

I spoke with Paul Lukas, an expert on sports uniforms. You can read his Uni Watch column on ESPN.com's Page 2 and read his Uni Watch Blog (which is a semi-daily update of his uniform knowledge).

What kind of branding is involved with sports uniforms? Is it the team or is it the company that makes the uniforms?

Sports teams used to individually make a contract with an outfitter to make their uniforms. Several different companies made uniforms in every professional league. In college, it is still true that each school has a contract with an outfitting company.

One quirk comes in 1997, the year the Denver Broncos changed their uniforms. Nike was the first outfitter to design a uniform. What does this mean? The nostril of the bronco logo forms the Nike "swoosh" logo. Also, when a player is bent over (as in a three-point stance at the line of scrimmage), the Nike swoosh logo is apparent in the right leg (check out this picture, though the swoosh is backwards on the left leg). And in another ironic twist, Nike competitor Reebok is the current outfitter for all NFL teams.

"Teams are brands," says Paul Lukas. It's a form of "intense loyalty" to a brand. One example of people leaving a brand when it did not taste like it used to is New Coke. When sports teams do badly, fans may not go to games, but they do not abandon their teams. Mets fans do not root for the Yankees during the (many) lean years. If the Mets and Yankees traded their rosters, would fans change their allegiance? Probably not. Oakland Raiders fans will not be seen wearing San Francisco 49ers jerseys during their trying times.

The big branding experiment has come in college football, though. Nike has designed uniforms for many teams, and they do look similar. Wake Forest and Illinois (rear view) are two examples of the typical Nike pattern. Nike also has taken the same different approach at Virginia Tech, Florida, and Miami, where one shoulder is a different color. It all is a part of being a part of "Team Nike," as Lukas said.

It does appear as if there is more than one type of branding in sports uniforms. The fans may root for the laundry of the uniforms and keep that brand loyalty, but it looks as if the teams themselves are falling under another type of branding from outfitter companies.